DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)

External commands:

1. xcopy

Syntax: xcopy [source drive:][path] [destination drive:] [path][switch]

Where, switch may be:

Switch                  meaning

/S                           Copies all files and sub-directories except empty ones.

/C                           Continues to copy also after error occurs.

/Q                           Quite mode. Doesn’t display files while copying.

/H                           Copies hidden files.

/R                           Over-writes read-only files, too.                     

/V                           Verifies each new file when written into the bank.

Use: copies directory along with its contents 9i.e. its files and subdirectories) to destination.

Example: c :\> copy C: D:

Output: This will copy all source directories and sub-directories of the C drive disk to D drive disk.

2. edit
 

Syntax: edit [drive:][path][filename][switch]

switch             meaning

/B                    Forces monochrome mode.

/H                    Displays the max no. of lines possible for our hardware.

/R                    load files in read only mode.

/S                    Forces the uses of short filenames.

/<nnn>           Load binary files, wrapping lines to <nnn> characters wide.

/?                     Displays this help screen.

[file]                 Specifies initial files to load. Wild-cards and multiple file specs can be given.

Use: use to edit files.

Example: C :> \ EDIT autoexec.bat

Output: This command will open the DOS file autoexec.bat and will allow us to edit.

3. del

Deletes one or more files.

This command is used to delete a particular or more files.

Syntax:

del filename

erase filename

Options:

*.* All files in current folder

*.* /s all files in current folder and sub folders.

4. rd
 

Remove a directory, which by default must be empty of files for the command to succeed (the /s flag removes this restriction).

Syntax: rd directory

5.md
 

Makes a new directory. The parent of the directory specified will be created if it does not already exist.

Syntax: md directory

6.ren

 Renames a file. Unlike the move command, this command cannot be used to rename subdirectories, or rename files across drives.

Syntax: ren filename newname

7.cd

 Change current working directory. Displays the current working directory when used without a path parameter.

cd f:

displays the current working directory on F:.

cd directory

changes the working directory on the current drive to directory.

chdir e:directory

changes the working directory on E: to directory.

cd \

changes the working directory to the root (top level) directory of the current drive.

8.cd..

changes the working directory to the parent directory (up one directory level).